ABSTRACT
Introducción: Los documentos normativos establecen el estado del arte relacionado con determinado campo del conocimiento. Existe una gran cantidad de normas relacionadas con los servicios de salud y su gestión, cuya aplicación es relevante en este sector. Objetivo: Exponer la importancia de las normas técnicas en la formación de los profesionales en ingeniería biomédica, tecnología y administración en salud. Desarrollo: Diferentes aspectos relacionados con el desempeño y las funciones de los profesionales en ingeniería biomédica, tecnología de la salud y administración en salud están recogidos en normas técnicas internacionales y en otras de carácter nacional, que resultan pertinentes y de gran utilidad para su formación en el nivel de grado y el posgrado. Conclusiones: Las profesiones abordadas requieren emplear los documentos normativos relacionados con sus funciones para contribuir con la calidad de los servicios de salud; de ahí la pertinencia de su incorporación en los planes de estudio de estas carreras(AU)
Introduction: Normative documents establish the state of the art related to a certain field of knowledge. There is a large number of standards related to health services and their management, whose application is relevant in this sector. Objective: To show the importance of technical standards in the training of professionals from the fields of biomedical engineering, health technology and health management. Development: Different aspects related to the performance and functions of professionals from the fields of biomedical engineering, health technology and health management are gathered in international and other national technical standards, relevant and useful for their training at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Conclusions: The addressed professions require the use of normative documents related to their functions in order to contribute to the quality of health services, hence the relevance of their incorporation into the curriculums of these major(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Organization and Administration/standards , Biomedical Engineering/standards , Biomedical Technology/standards , Health Administration/standards , Professional Training , Quality of Health Care/trendsABSTRACT
Introducción: Los documentos normativos establecen el estado del arte relacionado con determinado campo del conocimiento. Existe una gran cantidad de normas relacionadas con los servicios de salud y su gestión, cuya aplicación es relevante en este sector. Objetivo: Exponer la importancia de las normas técnicas en la formación de los profesionales en ingeniería biomédica, tecnología y administración en salud. Desarrollo: Diferentes aspectos relacionados con el desempeño y las funciones de los profesionales en ingeniería biomédica, tecnología de la salud y administración en salud están recogidos en normas técnicas internacionales y en otras de carácter nacional, que resultan pertinentes y de gran utilidad para su formación en el nivel de grado y el posgrado. Conclusiones: Las profesiones abordadas requieren emplear los documentos normativos relacionados con sus funciones para contribuir con la calidad de los servicios de salud; de ahí la pertinencia de su incorporación en los planes de estudio de estas carreras(AU)
Introduction: Normative documents establish the state of the art related to a certain field of knowledge. There is a large number of standards related to health services and their management, whose application is relevant in this sector. Objective: To show the importance of technical standards in the training of professionals from the fields of biomedical engineering, health technology and health management. Development: Different aspects related to the performance and functions of professionals from the fields of biomedical engineering, health technology and health management are gathered in international and other national technical standards, relevant and useful for their training at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Conclusions: The addressed professions require the use of normative documents related to their functions in order to contribute to the quality of health services, hence the relevance of their incorporation into the curriculums of these major(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Organization and Administration , Technology/education , Professional Review Organizations/standards , Biomedical Engineering/education , Knowledge , Health Administration/education , Professional Training , Health ServicesABSTRACT
As a strategic emerging industry of China, the biotechnology industry develops rapidly in recent years, which significantly increased the demand for creative and capable talents. As a core curriculum of bioengineering specialty, biotechnology equipment plays an important role in fostering such talents. To address the problems in biotechnology equipment course teaching such as limited equipment availability, limited engineering practice, and lack of learning motivations, curriculum reform and optimization were performed based on curriculum resource development, virtual reality-physical combined engineering training, and boosting learning motivations. The optimized teaching contents focus on fostering morality, intelligence, and creative practice abilities by connecting new requirements of social development, introducing new progress in biotechnology research, as well as new practices in research and development (R & D). Measures such as teaching methods innovation, assessment and evaluation methods optimization, cutting-edge R & D progress, diverse resources integration, and online-offline combined teaching, were developed to boost the learning motivation and foster the innovation competence of students. By above exploration and practice, the practice and innovation competence of students were significantly enhanced.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students , Learning , Curriculum , Bioengineering , Biomedical EngineeringABSTRACT
The rapid development of bioeconomy urgently needs the support of biotechnology talents. Establishing an innovative training mode of biotechnology talents can provide support for regional economic development and industrial upgrading. Closely revolved around the concepts of new engineering disciplines development, such as serving the national strategy, docking industry, leading the future development and student-centered, a new economy-oriented training system was developed in School of Bioengineering of Dalian University of Technology. These systems include interdisciplinary curriculum system reconstruction, project-based teaching mode reform, evaluation system implementation and other aspects. The reform and exploration of the first-class biotechnology major under the new economic situation, puts forward the theory of value guidance, deep foundation, strong sense of innovation, technical and non-technical core ability literacy. This reform meets the industry demand for talent diversification, personalization, and dynamic change, helps the merge of industry and education, which provides a way for fostering first-class biotechnology-majored undergraduates.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biotechnology , Bioengineering , Biomedical Engineering , Students , CurriculumABSTRACT
Bioengineering majors require students to acquire excellent abilities of thinking and analyzing complex problems and have high requirements for students' comprehensive practical skills. Because of the professional characteristics, it is necessary to develop students' abilities to solve complex problems via the teaching of a series of experiments. Therefore, it is particularly important to reform the traditional experiment teaching for students majoring in bioengineering to improve the teaching quality, which have great significance for the cultivation of comprehensive talents. In this study, with the advantages of geographical location and resources to cultivate application-oriented innovative talents, the course group of Comprehensive Experiment of Bioengineering has designed the course based on virtual simulation technology in Binzhou University. Taking the experiment of extraction and bioactivity analysis of Suaeda salsa (growing in the Yellow River Delta) polysaccharide in fermentation as a case, we studied the course design idea, experimental process, teaching method and result analysis, and have improved the teaching performance. This case analysis provides new ideas and content reference for the teaching reform of similar courses.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bioengineering/education , Biomedical Engineering/education , Students , Technology , UniversitiesABSTRACT
"Bio-separation engineering" is a compulsory course for undergraduate students majored in bioengineering, and an important part of the "emerging engineering education" system for bioengineering. Our teaching team follows the principle of "student development as the center, innovation thinking as the core". Guided by the concept of "learning achievement", we reconstructed the teaching contents of this course, and carried out the teaching reform aiming at solving several long-standing problems. These include, for instance, the theoretical teaching is separated from the experimental practice, and students cannot internalize the theoretical knowledge into practical ability in time. Moreover, the contents of course is out-of-date and out of line with industry demand, the teaching form and assessment methods are relatively single, and the students' professional ability and quality are not effectively cultivated. In the new curriculum system, in which the "online" and "offline" teaching are both applied, we broke the boundary between theoretical and experimental courses, and made the contents keep up with the forefront of industry development through research-based teaching. In terms of teaching methods and teaching evaluation, we made full use of modern information technology to enrich classroom teaching activities, and carried out complete, dynamic and diversified assessment for students. These teaching reform measures greatly improved the students' interest in learning this course, as well as their professionalism and research ability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bioengineering , Biomedical Engineering , Curriculum , Learning , StudentsABSTRACT
In the "Tutorial for outline of the healthy China 2030 plan", biomedicine was listed as a key planning and development area. Shanghai government also lists biomedicine as an emerging pillar industry. The rapid development of biomedicine industry put higher requirement for talents. Taking the idea of cross integration, mutually beneficial development, inheritance and innovation, the School of Biotechnology of East China University of Science and Technology organically integrates bioengineering and pharmaceutical majors to develop a new undergraduate engineering program of biomedicine, which specially reforms the talent training practice from the aspects of developing a "trinity teaching" standard system, a "three integration, three convergence" curriculum system, and a "three comprehensive education" innovative talent training system. We put forward the trinity of "value guidance, knowledge system, technology and non-technical core competence literacy" to foster emerging biomedicine engineering talents, and developed a comprehensive innovative talents training mode featured by "covering class-in and class-out, covering every student, and covering ideology and curriculum". Moreover, we established effective connections between courses and training goals, between general education courses and professional courses, and between top-notch talent training systems and training programs. Based on the achievements of teaching reform of the emerging engineering program "intelligent bio-manufacturing", the experience we obtained may provide ideas for development of the first-class bioengineering major in China.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bioengineering , Biomedical Engineering , China , Curriculum , StudentsSubject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Engineering/education , Education/methods , Universities , Problem-Based Learning , CurriculumABSTRACT
Resumen | Introducción. La calidad de la mamografía está directamente relacionada con la capacidad para detectar anormalidades y, por ello, es necesario el control de calidad en los centros de imágenes diagnósticas. Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de la imagen, la lectura y el servicio de mamografía de algunos centros de imágenes diagnósticas en Manizales, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Cuatro centros participaron de forma voluntaria y bajo acuerdos de confidencialidad en el estudio. De las 520 mujeres atendidas en ellos, a 318 se les hicieron mamografías. A partir de una inspección visual del servicio, se evaluaron la infraestructura, la tecnología y el personal de la unidad. Un radiólogo experto en lectura e interpretación clínica de imágenes mamarias evaluó la calidad de la imagen y la de su lectura. El análisis estadístico se hizo utilizando un anova y determinando el índice kappa y el porcentaje de desacuerdo. Resultados. Se encontró falta de calidad de las imágenes obtenidas, principalmente, por presencia de artificios en el 75 % de ellas, e identificación y rotulación deficientes; además, en la toma de la proyección oblicua medio-lateral, se encontró falta de visualización del ángulo inframamario. El grado de concordancia en el reporte BI-RADS fue bajo en los cuatro centros, con diferencias importantes en el informe y la descripción de los hallazgos. Conclusión. Los centros de imágenes diagnósticas evaluados están habilitados para el funcionamiento, pero se encontraron deficiencias importantes en la calidad de las imágenes y en su lectura, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de establecer estándares de calidad y mejorar los aspectos que se puedan mejorar.
Abstract | Introduction: Mammography quality is directly related to the ability to detect an abnormality and, therefore, quality control is necessary for diagnostic imaging centers. Objective: To evaluate image quality, reading, and mammography service in some diagnostic imaging centers in Manizales, Colombia. Materials and methods: Four diagnostic imaging centers participated voluntarily in the study under confidentiality agreements. Out of 520 women attending the centers, 318 had a mammography. The infrastructure, technology, and human resources of each unit were evaluated based on visual inspections. A radiologist expert in reading and clinical interpretation of mammary images evaluated the quality of the image and the reading. We made the statistical analysis using anova, the kappa index, and the percentage of disagreement. Results: We found images of diminished quality mainly due to the presence of artifacts in 75 % of those evaluated, as well as non-compliance with identification criteria and image labeling. There were difficulties in taking the lateral median oblique projection given the absence of the inframammary. The level of agreement in the BI-RADS reporting was low in the four centers with important differences in the report and description of findings. Conclusion: The city's diagnostic centers under evaluation are authorized for their operation. However, there are important deficiencies in image quality and reading, which highlights the need to seek quality standards starting from those aspects that can be improved upon.
Subject(s)
Mammography , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Biomedical Engineering , Diagnostic Imaging , Maintenance and Engineering, HospitalABSTRACT
Urology is an ancient academic discipline, and its rapid development is due to the combination between medicine and engineering. The development of urology in China is an example of the combination of industry-academia-research based on the progress of science and technology. This paper mainly summarizes the recent advances of interdisciplinary combination between medicine and engineering in urology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Engineering , China , Interdisciplinary Research , UrologyABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Propor um conjunto de indicadores de desempenho para o Departamento de Engenharia Clínica (EC) de um hospital público universitário. Metodologia: Após pesquisa bibliográfica dos indicadores da área de engenharia clínica citados na literatura, foi elaborado um questionário aplicado a gestores de hospitais de alta complexidade, docentes e especialistas para avaliar a pertinência, credibilidade do resultado, esforço de apuração, simplicidade de interpretação e de algoritmo de cálculo dos indicadores. Resultados:Foram propostos 14 indicadores para o departamento de EC: percentual de conclusão do programa de manutenção preventiva, tempo médio de atendimento, tempo médio de paralisação de máquina, número de reparos repetidos, percentual do total de ordens de serviço concluídas, número de ordens de serviço por área, percentual de reparos realizados externamente, percentual de reparos realizados por erro do usuário, custo de manutenção versus custo de aquisição, custo total de manutenção, satisfação do funcionário, treinamento da equipe técnica, satisfação do cliente e treinamento de usuários. Conclusões: Numa instituição pública de grande porte e nível terciário, a escolha dos indicadores para compor um painel para a gestão do Departamento de EC, bem como a apuração dos resultados deve ser ponderada, tendo em vista que, instituições governamentais sofrem impactos diretos quanto à disponibilidade de verba e entraves burocráticos que, muitas vezes, geram impasses difíceis de serem solucionados. É importante que exista um trabalho de conscientização dos funcionários quanto ao seu papel nos resultados dos indicadores e na busca das metas estabelecidas pela organização, pois, somente esse conjunto vai permitir uma gestão de sucesso (AU)
Objective: To propose a set of performance indicators for the Clinical Engineering Department (CE) of a public university hospital. Methodology: After a bibliographic search of clinical engineering indicators cited in the literature, a questionnaire was applied to hospital managers of high complexity, professors and specialists to evaluate the relevance, credibility of the result, calculation effort, sim-plicity of interpretation and calculation algorithm of indicators. Results: 14 indicators were proposed to the CE Department: percentage of completion of the preventive maintenance program, average service time, average machine downtime, number of repeated repairs, percentage of total work or-ders completed, number of service orders by area, percentage of repairs performed externally, per-centage of repairs performed by user error, maintenance cost versus cost of acquisition, total cost of maintenance, employee satisfaction, technical team training, customer satisfaction and user training. Conclusions: In a large public institution and tertiary level, the choice of the indicators to compose a panel of indicators for the management of the CE Department, as well as the calculation of the results, should be considered, since State institutions suffer direct impacts on the availability of funds and bu-reaucratic obstacles that often generate impasses that are difficult to solve. It is important that there is a work of awareness of the employees about their role in the results of the indicators and the search of the goals established by the organization since only this set will allow successful management (AU)
Subject(s)
Biomedical Engineering , Indicators (Statistics)ABSTRACT
Propósito: identificar la aplicación de conceptos de ingeniería biomédica en la gestión de los equipos médicos, los cuales permitieran establecer comparaciones entre la gestión de los equipos médicos desarrollada y lo establecido en la teoría, con el fin de identificar aspectos contraproducentes que puedan afectar los servicios de salud prestados y la vulnerabilidad en la seguridad del paciente. Materiales y Métodos: la recolección de datos se ejecutó a través de los instrumentos de entrevista semiestructurada por medio de un muestreo teórico o intencional de los autores. Resultados: entre los principales resultados obtenidos se identifica que existe una limitación en cuanto a recurso humano y la formación continua sistemática y actualización del personal del departamento de biomédica, no se desarrollan evaluaciones de diseño y gestión de proyectos que involucren la infraestructura y sistemas hospitalarios en torno a los equipos médicos, no se cuenta con inventario técnico de los equipos médicos, ni existen programas desarrollados de tecnovigilancia. Conclusiones: la aplicación de los conceptos de ingeniería biomédica en la gestión de los equipos médicos dentro del hospital Nacional "San Pedro" se encuentra muy limitada, identificándose un desarrollo prácticamente nulo, lo cual puede conllevar a la ocurrencia de múltiples eventos adversos Recomendaciones: se recomienda Implementar un programa de tecnovigilancia y capacitar al personal de salud y personal del departamento de biomédica en el desarrollo de la tecnovigilancia. Asimismo, se recomienda capacitar al personal de biomédica en actualización de tecnología médica y herramientas de gestión de los equipos médicos, incluyendo la ejecución de las labores de mantenimiento preventivo, correctivo y calibraciones e inspecciones periódicas
Subject(s)
Biomedical Engineering , Durable Medical Equipment , Hospital AdministrationABSTRACT
Human health is the foundation of human survival and development. It is an important objective of sustainable development to enhance human health level. With the development of science and technology, bioengineering, as an interdisciplinary biological technology, is becoming the key driver of these goals. This special issue reviewed and discussed the recent progress and future perspectives of bioengineering technologies in the biomedical applications from the aspects of engineering design, disease diagnosis, gene- and cell-based therapies. We hope this special issue could provide valuable references for promoting bioengineering technologies used for the healthcare applications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical EngineeringABSTRACT
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for light propagation in scattering and absorbing media is the gold standard for studying the interaction of light with biological tissue and has been used for years in a wide variety of cases. The interaction of photons with the medium is simulated based on its optical properties and the original approximation of the scattering phase function. Over the past decade, with the new measurement geometries and recording techniques invented also the corresponding sophisticated methods for the description of the underlying light–tissue interaction taking into account realistic parameters and settings were developed. Applications, such as multiple scattering, optogenetics, optical coherence tomography, Raman spectroscopy, polarimetry and Mueller matrix measurement have emerged and are still constantly improved. Here, we review the advances and recent applications of MC simulation for the active field of the life sciences and the medicine pointing out the new insights enabled by the theoretical concepts.
Subject(s)
Biological Science Disciplines , Biomedical Engineering , Optogenetics , Photons , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un dispositivo binivel autoajustable sobre los eventos respiratorios en pacientes adultos con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) grave. Se revisaron las polisomnografías (PSG) realizadas con el uso de un dispositivo de binivel autoajustable. La arquitectura de sueño, eventos respiratorios, saturación de O2 (SpO2) y dióxido de carbono exhalado (EtCO2) se compararon entre la PSG basal y la PSG terapéutica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 10 PSG. El dispositivo binivel autoajustable corrigió la arquitectura de sueño; disminuyó el índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH) de 76 (39-137) a 14 (6-13) a expensas de apneas obstructivas y mixtas (p < 0,05), no se observó descenso significativo en las hipopneas. Las apneas centrales incrementaron de 0,5 (0-12,4) a 8,2 (0-20) h−1. La SpO2 y EtCO2 mejoraron. Conclusiones: En pacientes con SAOS grave el dispositivo binivel autoajustable corrige la arquitectura de sueño, mejora la SpO2 y EtCO2 y disminuye el IAH a expensas de apneas obstructivas y mixtas, pero podría no eliminar las hipopneas e incrementar las apneas centrales.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of an auto-bilevel device on respiratory events in adults with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Polysomnographies (PSG) with the use of auto-bilevel device were reviewed. Sleep architecture, respiratory events, O2 saturation (SpO2) and exhaled carbon dioxide (EtCO2) were compared among baseline and therapeutic PSG. Results: We included 10 PSG. Auto-bilevel device corrected the sleep architecture; the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 76 (39-137) to 14 (6-13) at the expense of obstructive and mixed apneas (p < 0.05), there was no significant decrease in hypopneas. Central apneas increased from 0.5 (0-12.4) to 8.2 (0-20) h−1. SpO2 and EtCO2 improved. Conclusions: In severe OSAS auto-bilevel device corrects sleep architecture, improves SpO2 and EtCO2 and decreases AHI at the expense of obstructive and mixed apneas, but could not eliminate hypopneas and even could increase central apneas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Equipment and Supplies , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Polysomnography , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/instrumentation , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methodsABSTRACT
Ever since the idea of [Transhumanism] came into being, it has divided our society into two opposing factions i.e. the bioconservatives and transhumanists. The transhumanist movement is based on the idea that enhancements should be made in humans through technology while bioconservatives oppose this idea. Transhumanism is already feared to be world's most dangerous idea by bioconservatives such as Francis Fukuyama, as it is not justified or proven yet that transhumanism is safe for our future. The notion is believed to be not only de-humanising but also poses many threats to the rest of humanity. As explicitly suggested by bioconservatives human enhancing technologies are more of a bane than a boon. Furthermore, many of the transhumanist technologies have many demerits to them. Bioconservatives believe that the technological enhancements will lead to obscenity and be a blemish on the human race. It is highly possible that humans will suffer from autocracy by the hands of the posthumans, since the posthuman age will certainly give rise to several moral dilemmas, such as racism, which will plague the human world. There are four fundamental aspects of transhumanism; nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology [IT] and cognitive sciences, which come with many promising advantages, but can also turn our future into a dystopia. Even with constant opposition from the bioconservatives, the dark scenarios related with the ascend of the transhuman era are inevitable and the amalgamation of machines with man is equivalent to forfeiting true humanity
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Engineering , Biomedical Enhancement , Ethics , Human Characteristics , Cognitive Science , Biotechnology , NanotechnologyABSTRACT
Resumo Este estudo de caso baseia-se na análise de desempenho de oferta de serviços hospitalares no Hospital Dom Orione, em Araguaína/TO, Brasil, em decorrência da estruturação do departamento de engenharia clínica na instituição, na qual 70% dos atendimentos são destinados a pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde. O incremento alcançado na quantidade de atendimentos e na qualidade dos serviços ofertados aponta para o cunho social desse processo de estruturação institucional, assinalando tanto sua convergência com os princípios e valores defendidos pela bioética, seja na perspectiva da clínica ou no que tange à vertente teórica social, quanto sua adequação aos pressupostos que orientam o próprio Sistema Único de Saúde.
Abstract This case study was based on a performance analysis of the hospital services offered by Dom Orione Hospital, in Araguaína/TO, Brazil, as a result of the structuring of the department of Clinical Engineering in the institution, in which 70% of the services provided are aimed at patients from the Brazilian Unified Health System. The increase achieved in the amount of care provided and in the quality of services offered points to the social nature of this institutional structuring process, noting both its convergence with the principles and values espoused by bioethics, whether from the clinical perspective regarding the social theoretical model, or as it suits the assumptions that guide the Brazilian Unified Health System itself.
Resumen Este estudio de caso se basa en el análisis de desempeño de los servicios hospitalares del Hospital Dom Orione, en Araguaína, Tocantins/Brasil, como resultado de la estructuración del Departamento de Ingeniería Clínica en la institución, en la que el 70% de los servicios prestados están dirigidos a los pacientes del Sistema Único de Salud. El aumento de la cantidad de atención y la calidad de los servicios ofrecidos apunta a la naturaleza social de este proceso de estructuración institucional, teniendo en cuenta tanto su convergencia con los principios y valores defendidos por la bioética, desde la perspectiva de la clínica y en lo concerniente a la vertiente teórica social, como su adecuación a los presupuestos que orientan al propio Sistema Único de Salud.